15.4.2 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

This subsection is not completed yet, but in the meantime here are some practice questions.

Remember:
\begin{align*} \int \sin x \dif x &= -\cos x + c\\ \int \cos x \dif x &= \sin x + c\\ \int \sec^2 x \dif x &= \tan x + c\\ \end{align*} My line of thinking when I remember how to integrate sine goes like this: it’s something to do with $\cos x$, but the derivative of $\cos x$ is $-\sin x$, so I have to make it negative to compensate for the minus, so it’s $-\cos x$.

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Remember:
When integrating $\sin^2 x$ or $\cos^2x$, write it in terms of $\cos2x$ instead (using the double-angle formulae from Section 11.4.2: Angle Formulae). \begin{align*} \sin^2x &= \frac{1-\cos2x}{2}\\ \cos^2x &= \frac{1+\cos2x}{2}\\ \end{align*} You can memorise these formulae, or you can derive them from $\cos2x = 2\cos^2x - 1 = 1-2\sin^2x$ each time.

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